Before I go ranting, I assumed all of you understand how a Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera work. If you don't, please read it
here in Wikipedia.

Cross-section of a SLR camera
1) Front mount lens
2) Reflex mirror,
instant return
3)
Focal plane shutter
4) Film or digital sensor
5)
Focusing screen
6)
Fresnel lens
7)
Pentaprism
8) Eyepiece